Misclassifying Employees as Exempt from Minimum Wage or Overtime Requirements
Deductions From Wages for Uniforms or Other Items Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)
The FLSA does not allow uniforms, or other items which are considered to be primarily for the benefit or convenience of the employer, to be included as wages. Thus, an employer may not take credit for such items in meeting its obligations toward paying the minimum wage or overtime.
Typical Problems
(1) A minimum wage employee working as a cashier is illegally required to reimburse the employer for a cash drawer shortage.
(2) An employer improperly requires tipped employees to pay for customers who walk out without paying their bills or for incorrectly totaled bills.
(3) An employer furnishes elaborate uniforms to employees and makes them responsible for having the uniforms cleaned.
(4) An employee driving the employer's vehicle causes a wreck, and the employer holds the employee responsible for the repairs, thereby reducing the employee's wages below the minimum wage.
(5) A security guard is required to purchase a gun for the job, and the cost causes him/her to not earn the minimum wage.
(6) The cost of an employer-required physical examination cuts into an employee's minimum wage or overtime compensation.
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Uniforms
The FLSA does not require that employees wear uniforms. If, however, the employer, some other law, or the nature of the business requires employees to wear uniforms, the cost and maintenance of the uniform is considered to be a business expense of the employer. If the employer requires the employee to bear the cost associated with uniforms, it may not reduce the employee's wage below the minimum wage or cut into overtime compensation required by the Act.
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For example, if an employee who is subject to the statutory minimum wage of $5.15 an hour is paid an hourly wage of $5.15, the employer may not make any deduction from the employee's wages for the cost of the uniform nor may the employer require the employee to purchase the uniform on his/her own. However, if the employee were paid $5.50 an hour and worked 30 hours in the workweek, the maximum amount the employer could legally deduct from the employee's wages would be $10.50 ($.35 X 30 hours).
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The employer may prorate deductions for the cost of the uniform over a period of paydays provided the prorated deductions do not reduce the employee's wages below the required minimum wage or overtime compensation in any workweek.
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Other Items
Employers at times require employees to pay or reimburse the employer for other items. The cost of any items which are considered primarily for the benefit or convenience of the employer would have the same restrictions as apply to reimbursement for uniforms. In other words, no deduction may be made from an employee's wages which would reduce the employee's earnings below the required minimum wage or overtime compensation.
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Some examples of items which would be considered to be for the benefit or convenience of the employer are tools used in the employee's work, damages to the employer's property by the employee or any other individuals, financial losses due to clients/customers not paying bills, and theft of the employer's property by the employee or other individuals. Employees may not be required to pay for any of the cost of such items if, by so doing, their wages would be reduced below the required minimum wage or overtime compensation. This is true even if an economic loss suffered by the employer is due to the employee's negligence.
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Employers may not avoid FLSA minimum wage and overtime requirements by having the employee reimburse the employer in cash for the cost of such items in lieu of deducting the cost from the employee's wages.